面向新型电力系统的需求响应机制探讨

Discussion on Demand Response Mechanism for New Power Systems

以新能源为主导的新型电力系统中,发电侧调节能力显著下降,亟待充分挖掘需求侧的调节能力,弥补新能源并网所造成的灵活性匮乏。首先,指出新型电力系统下需求响应机制应具备规模化、常态化、轻量化、趣味化“四化”特征;其次,针对当前需求响应分类方式粗略且难以反映其本质特征的问题,提出按照需求响应中用户贡献评价方式的分类原则,将现有机制划分为价格型、基线型、准线型3类,并详细介绍了各类机制的研究现状;进而,基于所提出的“四化”特征,分析指出价格型、基线型机制将难以适应新型电力系统的发展,而与这2类机制试图利用某种信号间接改变用户用电行为不同,准线型机制直接给出了需求响应实施方所期待的用户负荷曲线形状,能够更好地满足“四化”特征,从根本上克服了其他机制规模小、难持续、不透明、易反弹等问题,可良好地适应新型电力系统的发展需求;最后,展望了准线型需求响应机制在新型电力系统发展下的必要性、可行性与重要性。

In the new power systems dominated by renewable energy resources,the regulation capacity on the power generation side is significantly reduced.It is urgent to unlock the flexibility of the demand-side resources and make up for the system regulation shortage caused by integration of renewable energy resources.First,it is pointed out that the demand response mechanism for the new power systems should have the four characteristics of“scalable,permanent,lightweight,and attractive”.Then,in view of the problem that the current demand response classification method is rough and difficult to reflect its essential characteristics,according to the classification principles of customer contribution evaluation methods in the demand response,the existing mechanisms are reclassified into three types of the price-based demand response,the customer baseline load based demand response,and the customer directrix load based demand response.The research status of various mechanisms is introduced in detail.Moreover,based on the proposed four characterized features,the analysis points out that it is difficult for the price-based and customer baseline load based mechanisms to adapt to the development of new power systems.Different from these two types of mechanisms,which try to indirectly change the user’s electricity consumption behavior by using a certain signal,the customer directrix load based demand response directly depicts the profiles of the users’load curves expected by the demand response implementers,which can better meet the four characterized features.It fundamentally overcomes the problems of other mechanisms such as small-scale,unsustainable,opaque,and easy to rebound,and can be well adapted to the development demands of the new power systems.Finally,the necessity,feasibility and importance of the customer directrix load based demand response mechanism in the development of new power systems are prospected.This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51877134)and National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFE0122600).