韦伯、共产国际与中国社会性质论战的发端——《儒教与道教》的革命旅程(1925—1929)

Max Weber, the Comintern and the Beginning of the Debates over the Nature of Chinese Society: A Revolutionary Journey of Konfuzianismus und Taoismus(1925-1929)

本文通过梳理20世纪20年代中后期共产国际内部围绕中国历史、中国社会与中国革命问题展开的争论,揭示韦伯及其在《儒教与道教》中关于中国的社会经济学学说如何一度成为争论的焦点之一。进而,韦伯的中国社会学通过共产国际这一政治渠道曲折地传播到中国,不期然地对大革命失败后中国思想界关于中国社会史、中国社会与中国革命性质的讨论产生影响。可以说,韦伯已成为当时中国新社会科学运动的一个“缺席在场”。这构成中国现代思想史与学术史上一道久被遮蔽乃至完全被遗忘的思想暗流。

Through examining the controversy within the Communist International over the issues of Chinese history, society and revolution during the mid-and late 1920 s, this article sheds light on how and why Max Weber’s socioeconomic analysis of China in his Konfuzianismus und Taoismus became one of the focuses of the debates,and on how Weber’s sociology of China had unexpectedly, via the political channel of the Comintern, an impact on the debates over the nature of Chinese society and Chinese revolution in China after the failure of the Chinese Great Revolution of 1927. It can be said that Weber had become an“absent presence”in the New Social Science movement of China. It is an intellectual undercurrent in the history of modern Chinese scholarship that has long been obscured and even completely forgotten.