论马克思社会形态理论的“哲学维度”

On the “Philosophical Dimension” of Marx’s Theory of Social Formation

马克思的社会形态理论对于我们理解马克思唯物史观具有重要意义。以往人们习惯于从实证主义角度去理解马克思社会形态理论,导致它的真实意蕴被无形中掩盖。为了避免这一问题,必须重申马克思社会形态理论的“哲学维度”。从哲学视野理解马克思的社会形态理论,主要体现在三个方面:首先,超越实证主义对“社会形态”的碎片化理解,把它理解为一个蕴含“结构总体”和“历史总体”的“总体性哲学范畴”;其次,超越实证的知性化思维方式,为理解“社会形态总体”提供符合其特性的矛盾性、历史性和否定性等辩证法的思维方式;最后,超越实证主义“价值中立”和“价值无涉”的价值旨趣,使社会形态理论彰显出与其辩证法的批判思维立场一致的价值旨趣,即对现实的人及其历史发展的价值关怀。

Marx’s theory of social formation plays a significant role in understanding Marx’s historical materialism.Marx’s theory of social formation has been traditionally understood from the perspective of positivism,which resulted in its true meaning being hidden invisibly.In order to avoid this problem,the“philosophical dimension”of Marx’s theory of social formation must be emphasized.Marx’s theory of social formation can be understood from a philosophical perspective in three ways:firstly,transcending the fragmented understanding of social form by positivism is considered as a“total philosophical category”containing“structural totality”and“historical totality”;secondly,transcending positive intellectual way of thinking provides a dialectical way of thinking that conforms to its characteristics,such as contradiction,historicality and negativity in order to grasp the concept of the“total structure of society”;finally,going beyond positivism’s“value-neutral”and“value-free”value interests,theory of social formation shows the value interests consistent with a dialectical critical thinking position,namely,that value concerns for realistic people and their historical development.