从高原华服到以衣现礼:西藏西部壁画中宣舞服制与历史意蕴

From Plateau Clothes to Ritual Function:The Costume System and Historical Implications of Shon in Western Tibet's Murals

古格宫廷礼乐宣舞的表演场景被绘制在古格故城红、白殿等最为庄严的佛殿之中,在西藏西部诸多壁画题材中独树一帜,深入解读相关图像可为史载稀缺的古格王国社会和高原丝路研究提供重要信息。除古格故城遗址之外,相关图像另在达巴遗址以及拉达克地区的当嘎寺和宛喇寺中均有发现。宣舞服饰吸收融合了本土、中原以及中亚等多元文化因子,涉及首服、身衣、足服与佩饰等西藏西部古代贵族礼服构成,其服用场景折射出古格王国礼制宏阔以及古代阿里三围多元文化交融之盛况。本文根据壁画材料,运用图像学方法溯古源今,力图揭示壁画中宣舞服制及其以衣现礼的历史意蕴。

The performance scenes of ritual Shon dance in Guge palace were painted in the most solemn Buddhist temples such as Red and White Hall in Guge's ancient city,which is unique among many mural themes in western Tibet.In-depth interpretation of relevant images can provide important information for the social research of Guge kingdom and Plateau Silk Road,which is scarce in history.In addition to the ruins of Guge,images have been found at the Daba site and at the Dangkhar and Wanla temples in Ladakh.Shon costume incorporates local,central Plains and Central Asian multicultural factors,involving the ceremonial gown,body dress,foot dress and accessories of ancient western Tibet,and its wearing scene reflects the grand ritual system of the Guge Kingdom and the multicultural integration of ancient mNga-ris-skor-gsum.Based on the mural materials,this paper tries to reveal the historical meaning of the dancing costume system and the ritual of dressing in the mural by using the method of imagology.