支撑“双碳”目标的未来流体机械技术

Future fluid machinery supporting “double-carbon” targets

流体机械是量大面广的设备,每年作为发电设备为我国生产的绿色洁净能源超过社会用电总量的16%,同时作为动力设备消耗近三成社会用电总量,因而需要发展先进、高效的流体机械技术,通过增强水电与抽水蓄能机组的宽域稳定运行能力来促进风电、光伏等间歇性可再生能源快速增长,通过设计优化与智能调控来提升流体机械系统的节能水平,有效支撑我国顺利实现“双碳”战略目标。该文针对我国社会发展中与流体机械相关的重大需求,从生态友好的高效水力发电技术,安全与稳定的抽水蓄能技术,绿色环保的泵、风机与风力机技术,以及流体机械设计优化与智慧化运行技术等方面论述了流体机械及工程学科的技术发展方向及面临的挑战,总结了流体机械目前的热点研究及其进展,为未来流体机械关键技术研发提供参考。

Fluid machinery is widely used in many fields with clean hydro power turbines producing more than 16% of the total residential electricity consumption and rotating machinery consuming around 30% of the total electrical energy consumption every year. Therefore, the development of advanced, efficient rotating fluid machinery can promote the rapid increase of renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaic power by improving the stability of hydro turbines and pumped storage units over wider operating ranges and increasing the efficiencies of fluid machinery through design optimization and smart controls to support reaching the “double-carbon” targets in China. This paper introduces the challenges and development trends in fluid machinery to develop environmentally friendly, efficient hydropower equipment and safe, stable pumped storage systems through design optimization and smart system controls. This paper also summarizes the recent advances in fluid machinery design to provide guideline for future key fluid machinery development.