燃气涡轮高效冷却技术及设计方法发展趋势

Development trends in high-efficiency gas turbine cooling methods

燃气轮机和航空发动机被誉为是工业皇冠上的明珠,其研制水平是一个国家科技水平和综合国力的重要标志。随着燃气轮机和航空发动机工作效率和性能的不断提高,涡轮入口温度逐年上升,涡轮叶片暴露在更高的来流温度下。为使金属叶片在远超其熔点的温度中仍能安全运转,亟需发展高效的冷却技术。该文概述了燃气涡轮高效冷却技术及设计方法的发展趋势,提出了按照3个维度开展燃气涡轮冷却技术研究的思路,总结了本团队在冷却单元-气冷叶栅-整机多部件交互等方面的基础研究成果,搭建了基于实验数据驱动的高效高精度冷却结构设计平台,探索了以双层壁为代表的下一代冷却技术的特性和发展趋势。

Gas turbines and aero engines are known as the jewels of the industrial crown and their development is an important symbol of a country’s technological level and national strength. Turbine inlet temperatures are rapidly increasing to improve the turbine efficiency, so the turbine blades are being exposed to higher temperatures. Efficient blade cooling methods are then needed for the blades to work safely at temperatures much higher than the material melting point. This paper reviews the development of high-efficiency cooling methods for gas turbines and presents a three-dimensional research framework for gas turbine cooling methods. This paper also reviews the research results of the present authors on the flow and heat transfer characteristics of cooling units, blade cascades and multiple cooling component interactions. This paper then presents a design method for efficient experimental data-driven cooling structure design. The characteristics and development trends of next generation cooling methods using double wall cooling are also described.