高技术产业集聚对绿色水资源效率的影响研究——基于空间杜宾模型

IMPACTS OF HIGH-TECH INDUSTRIAL AGGLOMERATION ON GREEN WATER RESOURCE EFFICIENCY BASED ON SPATIAL DUBIN MODEL

长江经济带作为我国第一大经济区,其经济发展潜力巨大,然而长江经济带也是我国水环境问题最为突出的地区之一。为了推动长江经济带经济由高速发展转变为高质量发展,应大力发展高技术产业,推动长江经济带水资源实现绿色发展。以长江经济带高技术产业为研究对象,引入空间地理因素探究高技术产业集聚对绿色水资源效率的溢出效应,对于认识当前长江经济带高技术产业集聚发展现状,合理制定高技术产业发展相关政策以推动绿色水资源效率的提升,具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。基于此,首先分析和阐述了高技术产业集聚对绿色水资源效率的溢出效应理论机制,包括正向和负向两种影响路径,并对产业集聚与水资源利用的相关文献进行梳理和评价。其次,研究选取2005—2019年长江经济带11个省市的面板数据,以区位熵测算高技术产业集聚水平,运用SE-SBM模型测算绿色水资源效率,在邻接空间权重下通过空间杜宾模型检验高技术产业集聚的空间溢出效应,并将溢出效应分解为直接效应和间接效应两个部分。结果显示:近年来长江经济带绿色水资源效率的空间自相关性显著且不断增强;高技术产业集聚对长江经济带绿色水资源效率的空间溢出效应显著,且区域间的溢出效应大于区域内的溢出效应;研发投入强度与第二产业占比对绿色水资源效率有负向溢出效应,环境规制对周围区域的绿色水资源效率存在显著的正向空间溢出效应。最后,基于上述实证结果,提出了相关政策建议,旨在提升长江经济带绿色水资源效率,加快区域协同发展,包括:加快长江经济带中上游地区基础设施建设,做好承接下游地区高技术产业转移的准备;加大对高技术产业的扶持力度,将产业集聚的“虹吸效应”转化为“辐射效应”;重视研发质量,提高研发转化率等。

Yangtze River Economic Zone as China’s largest economic zone has vast economic potentials, but with severe water environmental issues. To shift a fast development to quality development, Yangtze River Economic Zone shall develop high-tech industries to push a green water resource development. This paper studies the overflowing effects of high-tech industrial agglomeration on green water resource efficiency geographically, which is of significance for understanding the status of high-tech industrial agglomeration, and appropriately making policies, including positive and negative pathways based on industrial agglomeration and water use references. This paper, based on 11 Yangtze River Economic Zone provinces’ 2005 to 2019 panel data, uses entropy to estimate high-tech industrial agglomerating level and applies SE-SBM model to estimate its green water resource efficiency, and employs spatial Dubin model to verify the spatial overflowing effects of high-tech industrial agglomeration which is divided into direct and indirect parts. The results show an escalating spatial auto-correlation of green water resource efficiency in Yangtze River Economic Zone, an outstanding overflowing effect, trans-regional larger than regionwide. A ratio of research and development input to the second industry casts a negative overflowing effect on green water resource efficiency, but environmental regulations does positively. This paper presents suggestions on fastening infrastructural construction in the middle-to upper-stream to receive the high-tech migration from the down-stream, boosting high-tech supports transferring siphon effect to radiation effect of industrial agglomeration, focusing on research and development quality and improving research and development conversion.