硬质聚氨酯隔热泡沫材料的制备及其阻燃性能研究

Preparation and Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Thermal-Insulation Foam

通过低熔点玻璃粉与无卤阻燃剂(FR-100C),制备一种阻燃硬质聚氨酯隔热材料,研究低熔点玻璃粉和FR-100C的添加量,对聚氨酯材料的表观密度、压缩性能、泡孔结构、阻燃性能、热稳定性和残炭的影响。结果表明:当低熔点玻璃粉添加量为5%,极限氧指数(LOI)最高达到26.4%。当低熔点玻璃粉的添加量为7%,聚氨酯材料的表观密度最高(45.9 kg/m^(3))、压缩强度最低(98.6 kPa)、导热系数最低(0.0235 W/(m·K))。低熔点玻璃粉的添加量为5%时,聚氨酯材料残炭率最高,达到34.5%。低熔点玻璃粉添加量为5%时,聚氨酯材料的热释放速率(HRR)、总热释放量(THR)、烟生成速率(SPR)和总烟释放量(TSR)最低。FR-100C、低熔点玻璃粉和聚氨酯具有较好的相容性,FR-100C和低熔点玻璃粉使聚氨酯泡沫材料表面形成更致密的炭层。

A flame retardant rigid polyurethane insulation material was prepared by low-melting point glass powder and halogen-free flame retardant(FR-100C).The effects of addition amount of low-melting point glass powder and FR-100C on the apparent density,compression performance,cell structure,flame retardancy,thermal stability and residual carbon of polyurethane materials were studied.The results show that when addition amount of low melting point glass powder is 5%,the limited oxygen index(LOI)is up to 26.4%.When addition amount of low melting point glass powder is 7%,the apparent density of polyurethane material is the highest(45.9 kg/m^(3)),the compressive strength is the lowest(98.6 kPa),and the thermal conductivity is the lowest(0.0235 W/(m·K)).When addition amount of low melting point glass powder is 5%,the carbon residue of polyurethane material is the highest,reaching 34.5%.When addition amount of low melting point glass powder is 5%,the heat release rate(HRR),total heat release(THR),smoke production rate(SPR)and total smoke release(TSR)of polyurethane materials are the lowest.FR-100C,low melting point glass powder and polyurethane have good compatibility.FR-100C and low melting point glass powder make the polyurethane foam surface form a more dense carbon layer.