内蒙古哈民忙哈遗址废弃情境观察与分析

Observation and analysis on the abandonment context of the Haminmangha site in Inner Mongolia

哈民忙哈遗址位于科尔沁沙地腹心地带,是迄今在西辽河以北地区发现的最重要的史前聚落遗址。本文全面考察2010~2014年发掘的44座房址的废弃情境,将它们分为三种类型。不同类型房址体现的不同废弃行为方式,分别对应灾难性、不预期返回和预期返回三种废弃模式。科尔沁沙地脆弱的生态环境促使人们采取流动性居住方式、依赖多元化的生计方式,从而形成了不预期返回和预期返回废弃模式。但这种人地关系的短暂平衡仍然潜伏着危机,当一系列因素耦合作用时,酿成了一场可怕的灾难,导致聚落形成最后阶段的灾难性废弃模式。

Located in the center of Horqin Sandy Land,Haminmangha Site is the most important prehistoric settlement site found in the north of the West Liaohe River.In this paper,the abandoned contexts of 44 dwellings excavated during 2010-2014 are comprehensively investigated and divided into three types.Different types of dwellings reflect different abandonment ways,which correspond to three abandonment patterns,corresponding to catastrophic,unexpected return and expected return.The fragile ecological environment of Horqin Sandy Land urges people to adopt a mobile settlement and rely on diversified ways of livelihood,thus forming the patterns of unexpected return and expected return.However,this short-term balance of human-land relationship still faces a potential crisis.When a series of factors are coupled,it leads to a terrible disaster,resulting in the catastrophic abandonment mode in the final stage of settlement.