从石制品技术特征视角探讨史前狩猎采集者的流动性

Investigating the mobility pattern of prehistoric hunter-gatherers based on the analysis of their lithic technology characteristics

流动采食是狩猎采集者适应环境,获取生存资源的重要策略。对不同时空范围内狩猎采集群体的流动性具体特征进行探讨,有利于我们更加深入全面地理解史前狩猎采集者的人地互动模式、文化演进、社会转型等重要问题。本文以石制品技术组织理论为视角,结合相关研究案例,探讨如何通过分析考古出土的石制品特征,推断史前狩猎采集者不同形态特征的流动性策略,并讨论了通过石制品视角推断流动性特征的局限性及所需注意的事项。

Mobility is the key strategy for hunter-gatherers to adapt their environments and extract resources.An investigation of the specific mobility patterns of hunter-gatherers can help us get comprehensive understanding of the issues like their cultural evolution,social transitions,and interaction with environment.Based on the perspectives of technological organization and the reference of the relevant case studies,this paper aims to reveal how to investigate specific patterns of mobility from the features of lithic remains.It indicates that while the design and production of lithic tools can well indicate the degrees of mobility,the lithic assemblages across different sites within settlement system can reflect the organizational structure of mobility.Specific attentions shall be paid to avoid the “equifinality problems” when we use lithics to infer mobility pattern,and the integration with other kind of evidence,such as dwelling structures,settlement pattern,and fauna and flora remains,is highly advocated to reconstruct mobility patterns of prehistoric hunter-gatherers.