欧盟智慧农业发展经验及其借鉴

Experience and Reference of Smart Agriculture Development in European Union

作为一种现代农业技术变迁成果的集成模式,智慧农业赋予了农业生产更多的可能性。发展智慧农业既是实现农业农村现代化的题中之义,也是应对气候变化,推动可持续发展的必然要求。当前中国智慧农业的发展水平尚处在起步阶段,有必要总结欧洲智慧农业的发展经验以供借鉴。本文在界定智慧农业概念的基础上,从有效应对劳动力供给压力、全面提升农业竞争力、耦合实现可持续发展三个方面介绍欧盟智慧农业的缘起,并全面分析欧盟如何立足自身内部差异发展智慧农业的举措。通过对比剖析中欧智慧农业的发展异同,提出促进中国智慧农业发展的五大建议:加快农村信息化基础设施建设,提高农业转型能力;加强区域集群合作,构建农业创新生态;开发智慧农业开源平台,定制个性化解决方案;构建多主体创新机制,激励软硬件开发;完善相关制度建设,推动数据规范共享。

As an integrated model of modern agricultural technology changes,smart agriculture gives more possibilities to agricultural production.Developing smart agriculture is not only the meaning of realizing agricultural and rural modernization,but also the inevitable requirement of coping with climate change and promoting sustainable development.At present,the development level of smart agriculture in China is still in its infancy.It is necessary to summarize the development experience of smart agriculture in Europe for reference.On the basis of defining the concept of smart agriculture,this paper introduces the origin of EU smart agriculture from three aspects:effectively coping with the pressure of labor supply,comprehensively improving agricultural competitiveness and coupling to achieve sustainable development,and comprehensively analyzes the EU’s measures on how to develop smart agriculture based on its own internal differences.By comparing and analyzing the similarities and differences in the development of smart agriculture between China and Europe,this paper puts forward five suggestions to promote the development of smart agriculture in China:accelerating the construction of rural information infrastructure and improving the ability of agricultural transformation;strengthen regional cluster cooperation and build agricultural innovation ecology;develop an open source platform for smart agriculture and customize personalized solutions;Construct multi-agent innovation mechanism to encourage software and hardware development;improve relevant system construction and promote standardized data sharing.