基于“无废城市”建设的工业固体废物管理新策略

New strategies for industrial solid waste management based on construction of“zero-waste city”

一般工业固体废物环境管理是推进“无废城市”建设的重要环节,对防范环境风险、优化产业结构、促进经济社会可持续发展具有重要意义。分析了近年来我国一般工业固体废物的产生和利用处置现状,梳理了我国在相关领域已开展的工作及成效,识别了现阶段我国仍存在的管理衔接不足、产生底数不清、利用出路不多等问题。进而提出了“碳中和”及“无废城市”背景下,一般工业固体废物环境管理的新策略:“十四五”时期,应注重统筹制定一般工业固体废物的多维协同管理策略,充分落实部门协同联动、区域联防联控等系统性管理理念,以建立覆盖一般工业固体废物全过程管理的体制机制;同时,依托全过程信息化监管追溯体系、综合利用核心技术和工程示范等优质技术工程手段,建立支撑工业固体废物管理的数据、技术、产业体系;最终实现工业固体废物全过程的管理和综合利用水平的提高,进而有效推进固体废物领域治理体系和治理能力的现代化,最终实现生态环境高水平保护。本研究可为提高一般工业固体废物现代化治理能力,深入推进“无废城市”建设,实现减污降碳提供参考。

The environmental management of non-hazardous industrial solid waste is important for constructing“zero-waste city”,preventing environmental risks,optimizing industrial structure and promoting sustainable development.This study reviewed the generation,utilization and disposal of non-hazardous industrial solid waste in China,and acknowledged the accomplishments and achievements in these fields,and identified existing problems such as lack of intersectoral coordination and clear understanding of waste generation rates and recovery techniques.New strategies for managing non-hazardous industrial solid waste were introduced based on the concepts of“carbon neutrality”and“zero-waste city”.A multi-dimensional,collaborative,systematic strategy,and interdepartmental,interregional coordination were required for establishing a system covering the entire process of non-hazardous industrial solid waste management during the 14th Five-Year Plan period.At the same time,the data,technology and industrial system for solid waste management with smart traceability systems,core technologies and engineering applications was needed.All these approaches would ultimately achieve whole process management of non-hazardous industrial solid waste and the improvement of the utilization,thereby effectively promoting the modernization of the solid waste management system and capacity,and ultimately achieving high-level protection of the ecological environment.This study can provide a reference for China to accelerate the modernization of solid waste management system,promote the construction of“zero-waste city”,and reduce pollution and carbon emission.