重大公共卫生突发事件中企业与政府合作何以可能?——非对称资源依赖条件下的组织间关系动力

How Is Business-Government Cooperation Possible During Major Public Health Emergencies?——The Dynamics of Inter-Organizational Relationships Under the Conditions of Asymmetric Resource Dependence

资源依赖和缓解资源依赖的努力既塑造了组织间合作,也抑制着组织间合作的限度。组织资源依赖研究较多探讨了常态非应急背景下资源需求和准备较为平衡、合作者以市场主体身份出现的对称相互依赖条件下的合作,对于应急合作特别是重大突发事件条件下、具有公共权威的政府组织与企业组织之间的非对称合作研究较少或只侧重单向依赖关系,对组织间应急合作动态过程更缺乏深入理解。本文尝试从政府权威和企业社会责任、互惠、合作固化三个维度,分解组织破解资源依赖和维持自主性的合作动力发展逻辑。通过分析应对新冠疫情中口罩生产和隔离酒店服务企业与政府的合作过程,揭示组织间先集中资源应对疫情、后通过互惠和制度化增强合作可持续性的努力。本文理论上有助于揭示组织间合作过程中的资源动机,并为提高重大突发事件应对中的企业与政府合作可持续性和应急韧性提供政策启发。

Resource dependence and efforts to alleviate it have not only shaped inter-organizational cooperation,but also restrained the limits of inter-organizational cooperation.Existing research on organizational resource dependence has discussed more about cooperation under the conditions of symmetrical interdependence where resource requirements and preparations are more balanced in the context of normal non-emergency situations and where partners appear as pure market entities.There is less research on asymmetric cooperation between government agencies and business organizations under situations of unconventional emergencies Even if there are studies about inter-organizational cooperation under emergencies,they are more inclined to see it through the lens of static cooperation network rather than dynamic process.This article attempts to anatomize the cooperation dynamics of how organizations absorb resource constraints while maintain autonomy from the dimensions of authority vis-à-vis corporate social responsibility,reciprocity,and institutionalization.Through analysis of the cooperation process between public and private organizations in response to the COVID-19,it reveals that they together had to keep focused on resource mobilization to weather the first punch of the pandemic,and thereafter spare more resources for cooperation sustainability by reciprocity and institutionalization.This paper could theoretically help reveal the resource-driven motives in the process of asymmetric inter-organizational cooperation,and provide policy implications for improving the sustainability and resilience of corporate-government cooperation in response to major emergencies.