动态压缩下微介观物理新认识

New insights into micro-and meso-scale physics under dynamic compression

动态压缩下材料的响应特性由于在国防科技、航空航天、能源环境等领域的应用需求而受到广泛关注。文章从传统的动态压缩实验研究方法出发,介绍了材料在平面冲击波作用下的宏观响应行为和规律性认识,并指出了传统研究方法对描述真实材料行为存在的不足以及开展微介观尺度实验物理研究的迫切需求。在该需求牵引下,简要介绍了动态X射线成像、衍射、散射等原位诊断技术,并总结了动态压缩下在塑性变形、冲击相变、层裂破坏等关键动力学过程中取得的微介观物理新认识。

Dynamic behavior of materials under dynamic compression is of great interest in the fields of defense-related science and technology,space flight and aviation,energy and environment,and so on.This paper proceeds from traditional methods for dynamic compression experiments,introduces macroscopic responses and systematic understanding of materials under planar impact,then points out the deficiencies of traditional research approaches for describing dynamic behavior of realistic materials and the active demand for studying micro-and meso-scale physics.To fulfil this demand,we present the latest progress in dynamic compression science,in which advanced in situ diagnosis techniques and their working principle are briefly introduced,and new micro-and meso-scale insights into plastic deformation,shock-driven phase transition,and spall and failure have been reviewed.