自主激振式辅助截割相似实验样机研制及其力学实验

DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATED EXCITATION AUXILIARY CUTTING SIMILAR EXPERIMENT PROTOTYPE AND ITS MECHANICAL EXPERIMENT

考虑到目前煤矿井下重采轻掘,综掘设备自身结构设计的局限性,掘进技术落后等问题导致巷道掘进效率低下,采掘比失调,同时煤矿井下巷道综掘设备体积庞大,井下环境复杂,设备拆解组装困难,难以在实验室条件下对其进行关键零部件力学特性分析及其截割效率提升实验,对一种主动激振辅助截割的方法进行研究,该方法基于相似理论,建立比例为1∶3的相似模型实验台,首先对其进行模态实验,得到前6阶的固有频率以及各阶的模态振型,验证主动激振辅助截割实验台的可行性;对实验台分别进行有、无主动激振截割实验,测量在有、无主动激振的情况下截齿截割接触力及截割电流变化,实验结果表明,在相同时间阶段内,当存在主动激振时,接触力的增大初值时间相比无激振时早0.07 s,作用时间更长,接触力相比无激励时减小0.12 kN,有激励后截割电流平均值减小1.12 A。通过基于相似理论构建的实验台能够在有限的实验室条件下对掘进机截割臂进行主动激振力学实验,从而为选取最佳的激振辅助截割参数提供理论参考,同时也从引入激振的角度为掘进机截割机构节能高效的工作开拓了新思路和新方法。

Considering the current heavy mining and light digging in coal mines, limitations of the structural design of the fully mechanized excavation equipment, backward tunneling technology and other problems lead to inefficient tunneling. mining ratio is out of balance, at the same time, the comprehensive excavation equipment of the coal mine underground roadway is huge, the downhole environment is complicated, and the equipment is difficult to disassemble and assemble. It is difficult to analyze the mechanical properties of key components and cut efficiency improvement experiments under laboratory conditions. A method of active excitation assisted cutting is researched, this method is based on similarity theory, a similar model test bench with a ratio of 1:3 is established, modal experiments were performed firstly, the natural frequencies of the first six orders and the modal shapes of each order are obtained, the feasibility of the active vibration-assisted cutting experimental bench is verified, perform cutting experiments on the test bench separately with or without active excitation. With or without active excitation, the cutting contact force and cutting current change of the pick are measured. The experimental results show that during the same time period, when there is active excitation, the initial time for increasing contact force is 0.07 s earlier than when there is no excitation, longer duration, contact force is reduced by 0.12 kN compared with no excitation, after excitation, the average cutting current decreased by 1.12 A.Through the test bench based on Similarity theory, the active excitation vibration experiment and test can be carried out on the cutting arm of the road-header under limited laboratory conditions. Which provides a theoretical reference for selecting the best excitation-assisted cutting parameters. At the same time, it has opened up new ideas and new methods for the energy-saving and efficient work of the cutting machine cutting mechanism from the perspective of external excitation.