论“学而时习之”疏解的演变

On the Evolution of"Xue Er Shi Xi Zhi"

从经学注疏的视角考察,“学而时习之”有着丰富的阐释和鲜明的演变特征。汉唐学者多将“学”理解为对知识经验的“觉悟”,认为“习”是温习学业、经学文献,因其沿用了《白虎通·辟雍》将“学”解释为“觉悟”,使得解释侧重于知识、心性层面的学习,对行的关注则不够。唐中期后至宋初,解经之法开宋学先声,后程颢、朱熹重审经文、自求新意,认为“学而时习之”是知行合一的内涵,指出“学、习”的含义是知与行的统一,明清的学者多认同这种观点,并不断完善此说。

From the perspective of annotating sparse classics,"Xue er shi xi zhi"has rich interpretation and distinct evolution characteristics.Scholars in general in the Han and Tang Dynasties understood"Xue"as"consciousness"of knowledge and experience and considered"Xi"as reviewing studies and Confucian Classics.Since it adopted the interpretation of"learning"as"consciousness"in Bai Hu Tong·Bi Yong,the interpretation focused on the learning of knowledge and mind,which failed to attach sufficient attention to practice.After the mid Tang Dynasty,the method of explaining classics was the precursor of Song Xue(宋学).Later Cheng Hao and Zhu Xi re-examined the scriptures and sought new ideas,believing that the meaning of"Xue er shi xi zhi"is the unity of knowledge and action.Most of the scholars in the Ming and Qing Dynasties agreed with this view and constantly improved it.