明代徽州的山场经营纠纷——以文书防伪为中心

Huizhou Mountain Farm Management Disputes in Ming Dynasty——Documents to Prevent Fraud as the Center

明代徽州山场林木砍伐的过程中,为防止越界伐木行为,民众往往采取对所砍木材标用“斧号”来确定其权属。明代徽州山场经营中的“斧号”惯俗,是有效调节山林纠纷的一种重要现象。此外,徽州民众伪造山林契约主要表现在红契的印章造假、伪造契约内容和书证。这些伪契引起了频繁的山林产权纠纷,导致明清徽州社会失序,也是造成徽州“健讼”之风的重要因素。

In the Ming Dynasty,in order to prevent the trespassing of logging in huizhou mountain area,people often used the axe mark to mark the timber to determine its ownership.The custom of the axe mark in the management of huizhou mountain farm in Ming Dynasty was an important phenomenon that effectively regulated the disputes in mountain forest.Huizhou people forged the contract mainly in the seal of the red contract forged the contract content and documents.These false contracts caused frequent disputes over property rights,resulting in social disorder in Huizhou during the Ming and Qing dynasties,and also an important factor of"vigorous litigation"in Huizhou.