进口冷链食品新型冠状病毒暴露的风险分析及对策

Risk Analysis of Imported Cold-chain Food Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and Countermeasures

目的:分析进口冷链食品严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)暴露的风险,提出预防食品污染、管理食品安全风险的干预措施。方法:收集进口冷链食品SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阳性的所有案例,分析疫情暴发至2021年1月SARS-CoV-2污染的食品核酸检测阳性的时间、样本、食品种类和来源国的分布,评估食品传播新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)的潜在风险。结果:中国通报的224起进口冷链食品SARS-CoV-2核酸检测阳性案例发生时间分布不均衡,主要集中在2020年11月—2021年1月,其中来源于阿根廷、巴西、俄罗斯、印度等国家进口的冷链食品居多;以冷冻海鲜检出核酸阳性的次数最多,占总阳性案例的37.95%(85/224);检测样本以食品外包装(共125起)暴露风险最大,并有向食品内包装、产品、运输工具食品和周围环境扩大污染范围的迹象。结论:从新冠肺炎疫情严重的国家进口食品和在卫生状况差的经营场所销售食品均存在SARS-CoV-2污染的风险,且冷链物流的低温条件增加了病毒留存,建议加强对进口冷链食品从生产到销售全环节的管控,发挥我国进口冷链食品集中监管专仓的预防性全面消毒和核酸检测的作用。

【Objective】To analyze the relationship between food hygiene problems in China and the exposure risk of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in food,and put forward intervention measures to prevent food pollution and manage food safety.【Method】We collected Chinese food all cases of positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)results,and analyzed the timing,samples,food types and distribution of countries of food positive RT-PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 contamination between the COVID-19 outbreak and January 2021 by Excel 2019,and evaluated the potential risks of food transmission COVID-19.【Conclusion】The time of 225 case of China’s food positive RT-PCR results was not balanced,with the most concentrated from November 2020 to January 2021,of which one was domestic chicken legs,224 were from Argentina,Brazil,Russia,India and other countries.Among them,cold-chain food positive results were the most,accounting for 65.33%(147/225)of the total cases,and the samples tested were most exposed to food packaging(out of 126)and showed signs of expanding the scope of contamination to food surfaces,transport and food surroundings.【Result】Imported food from countries with severe outbreaks of COVID-19 epidemic and food sales in business premises with poor health conditions have SARS-CoV-2 pollution,cold-chain logistics low temperature conditions are conducive to virus retention,it is recommended to implement imported cold chain food in the production to sales of the whole link prevention and control measures.