数字异化的生成及消解路径

The Generation and Dissolution Path of Digital Alienation

伴随着科学技术的进步,现代社会在机器大工业时代产生了物化现象,卢卡奇与马克思分别从生产力和生产关系的视角展开了“物化批判”。当现代社会进入数字化时代之后,物化出现了一种新的形式——数字异化,人们相应拥有了“数字人”和“视觉人”的双重异化形态。消解数字异化需要解蔽现代人的异化样态,构建一个全新的社会。为此,它呈现为两条不同路径:“卢卡奇式”的生产力批判路径从总体性的视角拒绝数字异化的演进,它求助于无产阶级的主体激情来突破数字异化的现代性牢笼,最终在阿多诺的理论中堕为一种“新人本主义”的审美救赎;“马克思式”的生产关系批判路径从政治经济学的视角挖掘数字异化的历史客观的自反性,它要求人们在实践的基础上提升为“数据共同体”,在“数据共享”“数据共有”的前提下将克服数字异化的路径理解为改变世界的现实运作。

With the advancement of science and technology,materialization has emerged in modern society in the era of machine industry.Lukacs and Marx launched“materialization criticism”from the perspective of productivity and production relations respectively.When the modern society enters the digital age,materialization is distorted into digital alienation,and people have the dual alienation forms of“digital human”and“visual human”.Dissolving digital alienation requires uncovering the alienation pattern of modern people and building a brand new society.To this end,it appears as two different paths.The“Lukacs-style”critical path of productivity rejected the evolution of digital alienation from a holistic perspective.It turned to the subjective passion of the proletariat to break through the modernity cage of digital alienation,and ultimately degenerates into an aesthetic salvation of“Neo Humanism”in Adorno’s theory.The“Marx-style”critical path of production relations excavates the historical objective reflexivity of digital alienation from the perspective of political economics.It requires people to upgrade to a“data community”on the basis of practice,and understand the path to overcome digital alienation as the realistic operation of changing the world on the premise of“data sharing”and“data co-ownership”.