从马克思《论离婚法草案》看我国民法典对离婚条件的规定

On the Provisions of Divorce Conditions in the Civil Code of the PRC from the Perspective of Max’s On Draft Law of Divorce

《论离婚法草案》是马克思青年时期的法学专论,直接表达了他对婚姻家庭、结婚和离婚以及婚姻法等问题的法律观点。《论离婚法草案》揭示了婚姻的本质包含世俗、伦理和自由三大内涵,并揭露出普鲁士统治当局借宗教教律干涉婚姻事务是违背婚姻本质和颠倒历史的做法。离婚问题的实质是法律对婚姻死亡这一客观事实进行记录,任何强行维系已死亡婚姻的做法同样不符合婚姻的本质。婚姻当事人有离婚的自由,但并非不受任何限制,否则将对家庭和社会造成巨大的伤害。婚姻法应当维护婚姻的生命,而不应纵容轻率离婚这类刻意造成婚姻死亡的行为。我国民法典婚姻家庭编对离婚条件的规定,体现出立法者力求在遏制轻率离婚以维护婚姻家庭稳定的同时,也尽可能地避免离婚案件的“久诉不离”以保障当事人的离婚自由。这与马克思关于婚姻家庭的法律思想和对离婚问题的科学阐释高度契合,符合社会生活和司法实践的客观需要。

The On Draft Law of Divorce is an early legal monograph by Marx,which expresses his legal thoughts on marriage and family,marriage and divorce marriage law and other issues.The On Draft Law of Divorce reveals that the essence of marriage contains three connotations:secular,ethical and freedom,and reveals that the Prussian government interference in marriage affairs through religious laws is against the essence of marriage and reversing history.The essence of divorce is that the law records the objective fact of death of marriage.Any practice of forcibly maintaining a dead marriage is also inconsistent with the essence of marriage.People have the freedom and right to get divorced,but with limitations,otherwise it will cause great harm to the family and society.Marriage law should keep marriage alive,not facilitate its death by conniving reckless divorces.The provisions on divorce conditions in the marriage and family copy in the Civil Code of the PRC reflect that legislators strive to curb reckless divorce in order to maintain the stability of marriage and family,but also avoid“long-term litigation in divorce cases”as far as possible,so as to protect the parties’ freedom of divorce.This is highly consistent with Marx’s legel thoughts on marriage and family and his scientific interpretation on divorce.This is also meets the objective needs of social life and judicial practice.