教育改善贫困阶层代际传递的效果与机制——来自CLDS微观数据的证据

The Effect and Mechanism of Improving the Intergenerational Transmission of the Poor Class through Education:Empirical Analysis Based on CLDS Micro Survey Data

基于职业阶层流动视角,利用CLDS数据和Probit模型研究教育改善贫困阶层代际传递的效果与机制,并采用IV Probit模型进行检验。研究表明:(1)子代教育和父代教育显著促进了贫困群体实现代际阶层跨越,但对不同类型群体代际阶层跨越的影响存在显著差异。(2)贫困家庭子代通过自身教育实现阶层跨越的效应“70后”大于“60后”以及“80后”“90后”、城市地区大于农村地区、女性大于男性。(3)父代教育显著促进了“60后”以及“80后”“90后”个体、城市地区个体、女性个体实现代际阶层跨越;对“70后”个体、农村地区个体、男性个体的影响不显著。(4)父代教育和子代教育改善贫困阶层代际传递的机制与渠道表现出一定的差异性。增加就业稳定性、提升健康水平、积累社会资本、获得培训机会都是教育改善贫困阶层代际传递的重要机制与渠道。

Based on CLDS data and Probit model,this paper studies the effect and mechanism of improving intergenerational transmission of poor class through education from the perspective of professional mobility,and Instrumental Variable Probit model was used to test it.The results show that:children’s education and parents’education significantly promote the intergenerational leapfrogging of the relatively poor groups,but the impacts on different groups are significantly different.The inter-generational transmission effect of children’s education to shake off poverty is greater for“Post-70s”than“Post-60s”,“Post-80s”and“Post-90s”,greater for urban areas than rural areas,and greater for women than men.Parents’education significantly promotes the“Post-60s”,“Post-80s”and“Post-90s”individuals,urban individuals and female individuals in the relatively poor class to realize the intergenerational leap and get rid of the intergenerational transmission of the poor class;the influence of parents’education on“Post-70s”individuals,rural individuals and male individuals is not significant.There are some differences in the mechanisms and channels of improving inter-generational transmission of poverty between parents’education and children’s education.Increasing employment stability,improving health,accumulating social capital and obtaining training opportunities are important mechanisms and channels for education to improve the intergenerational transmission of poverty.