家庭教育支出是否有助于农户脱离相对贫困?——基于CFPS2018数据的实证研究

Does Family Education Expenditure Help Rural Households Escape Relative Poverty?Empirical Research Based on the CFPS 2018 Data

随着脱贫攻坚任务的完成,相对贫困问题已成为中国贫困治理的重点,而教育在其中可能有非常重要的作用。利用CFPS2018的微观调查数据,采用probit模型、中介效应模型和工具变量法等,实证研究了家庭教育支出对农户相对贫困的影响。结果表明:家庭教育支出能够通过实现非农就业转移和扩大农业经营规模来促进农户脱离相对贫困。其中,学校教育支出和校外教育支出都发挥了作用,并且校外教育支出的作用略大,因为适当且多样化的教育更有助于农户积累非农就业和农业规模经营所需的资本。与户主受教育水平较高的农户相比,家庭教育支出更有助于户主受教育水平较低的农户脱离相对贫困,因为作为家庭基本教育支出的学校教育支出对后者的影响更大。未来,应重视教育在贫困治理中的重要性,加大对农村地区基础教育投入,构建更加符合社会需要的多元化教育体系。

With the complete victory in the fight against poverty,relative poverty has become the focus of poverty governance in China,and education may play a very important role in it.This paper uses the micro survey data of CFPS in 2018,using the probit model,the mediation effect model and the instrumental variable method to empirically study the impact of household education expenditure on the relative poverty of rural households.The results show that family education expenditure can promote rural households out of relative poverty by realizing the transfer of non-agricultural employment and expanding the scale of agricultural management.School education expenditure and out-of-school education expenditure both play roles,and the impact of out-of-school education expenditure is slightly greater,because appropriate and diversified education is more helpful for rural households to accumulate the capital needed for non-agricultural employment or agricultural scale management.Compared with rural households whose heads have higher education levels,family education expenditure helps rural households with lower education levels to escape relative poverty,because school education expenditure which is basic of family education expenditure has a more prominent impact on the latter.In the future,we should pay attention to the importance of education in poverty governance,and increase investment in basic education resources in rural areas,and build a diversified education resource system that is more in line with social needs.