教师“县管校聘”政策执行的制约因素与路径选择——基于史密斯政策执行过程模型的分析

The Restrictive Factors and Path Choices of the Implementation of the Policy of“County Management and School Recruitment”——Analysis Based on Smith Policy Implementation Process Model

教师“县管校聘”管理体制改革是义务教育教师管理制度的创新之举,有助于打破城乡之间师资固化的局面,激发教师活力,推进义务教育均衡发展。根据史密斯政策执行过程模型,国家及地方政策体系的不完善、执行机构的政策执行能力弱化、目标群体对政策认同度不高以及缺乏良好的政策执行环境是制约“县管校聘”政策有效落实的主要因素。推进教师“县管校聘”政策有效执行,需加强顶层设计,完善“县管校聘”政策体系;坚持“高位推动”,力促“县管”“校聘”精准落地;构建合理的利益补偿机制,提升目标群体的政策认同度;优化“县管校聘”政策执行环境,营造良好政策执行生态。

The reform of the“County Management and School Recruitment”is an innovation in the management system of compulsory education teachers.It will help break the solidification of teachers between urban and rural areas,stimulate teachers’vitality,and promote the balanced development of compulsory education.According to Smith’s policy implementation process model,the imperfection of the national and local policy systems,the weakening of the policy implementation capabilities of the implementing agencies,the low recognition of the policy by the target groups,and the lack of a good policy implementation environment are the main factors which restrict the effective implementation of the“County Management and School Recruitment”.To promote the effective implementation of the“County Management and School Recruitment”,it is necessary to strengthen the top-level design and improve the“County Management and School Recruitment”policy system;adhere to the“high-level promotion”and urge the“County Management”and“School Recruitment”to be accurately implemented;construct reasonable compensation for benefits mechanism to enhance the policy recognition of target groups;optimize the implementation environment of the“County Management and School Recruitment”policy,and create a good policy implementation ecology.