论《民法典》中个人信息保护的国家义务

On the State's Obligations for the Protection of Personal Information in the Civil Code

《民法典》在其独立的人格权编中规定了个人信息保护的相关内容。个人信息权益兼有公法与私法的属性,只有上升到宪法保护的层面才能确立个人信息保护的国家义务。核心问题在于个人与信息处理者之间的地位不平等,立法目的在于在个人信息处理过程中实现宪法保障的目的——即维护人格尊严,在这其中国家负有积极义务和消极义务。依据宪法基本权利的双重属性,构建公私法结合、跨部门法领域的完备法律保护体系,实现个人信息保护的“结果正义”与“过程正义”。

The Civil Code stipulates the relevant content of personal information protection in its independent edition of personality rights.Personal information rights and interests have the attributes of both public law and private law,so the national obligation to protect personal information can only be established when it rises to the level of constitutional protection.The core problem lies in the unequal status between individuals and information processors.The purpose of legislation is to achieve the constitutionally guaranteed purpose in the process of personal information processing—that is,to maintain human dignity,in which the state has positive and negative obligations.Based on the dual attributes of basic constitutional rights,a complete legal protection system combining public and private law and cross-departmental law will be constructed to realize the "result justice" and "process justice" of personal information protection.