论儒家尊严的四重来源与双重维度

On the Four Sources and Double Dimensions of Confucian Dignity

儒家尊严有四个来源,分别是天道、名位、德性与权利。儒家尊严首先源自于天道对每个人的赋予。儒家的天命论、性善论、人为贵论都肯定人的尊严。儒家的名教价值体系给予君主、儒士、妇女以名分,进而获得了各自的尊严,乃至于用名讳维护尊严。儒家的德性论则从仁义礼智信、温良恭俭让、君子人格、圣贤文化等角度确立了人的尊严。儒家赋予父母、夫妻、民众以权利,进而演化为尊严。儒家尊严可以归纳为主观与客观双重维度,自尊与受人尊敬都是尊严的必要条件,而耻辱感则是人们维护自身尊严所要极力避免的禁忌。

Confucian dignity comes from four sources:Heaven,fame,virtue and right.Confucian dignity first comes from the gift of heaven to everyone.The Confucian theory of destiny,the theory of good nature and the theory of valuing human beings all affirm human dignity.The Confucian value system of famous religion gives monarchs,Confucian scholars and women status,and then obtains their own dignity,and even uses name taboo to maintain dignity.The Confucian theory of virtue establishes human dignity from the perspectives of benevolence,righteousness,courtesy,wisdom and faith,gentleness,courtesy and frugality,gentleman personality and sage culture.Confucianism endowed parents,couples and people with rights,which evolved into dignity.Confucian dignity can be summarized into subjective and objective dimensions.Self-esteem and respect are necessary conditions for dignity,while shame is a taboo that people should try to avoid to maintain their own dignity.