物联网精准灌溉对人参栽培土壤环境及其产量和品质的影响

Effects of internet of things precision irrigation on the soil environment,yield and quality of ginseng

以农田栽培模式种植的人参为研究对象,采用物联网精准灌溉技术,建立土壤相对含水量60%、80%、90%和自然降水4个试验处理,分析不同水分条件对土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、人参产量和品质的影响。结果表明:土壤相对含水量为80%和90%时,土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量均高于其他处理,同时土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶活性也相对较高。土壤相对含水量为80%时,人参单位面积产量最高,可达到2715.64 g/m^(2),较CK增产14.98%;人参总皂苷含量也达到最高,为4.02%,但各处理间差异不显著。适当的水分亏缺有利于人参生长后期3种单体皂苷的合成积累,9月30日,人参单体皂苷Rb_(1)、Re+Rg_(1)含量在60%土壤相对含水量处理下达到最高。综合考虑,80%土壤相对水含量是最适宜人参生长发育的水分条件。

Taking ginseng cultivated in farmland as the research object,the internet of things(IoT)precision irrigation technology was used in this study,and four experimental treatments(relative soil water content of 60%,relative soil water content of 80%,relative soil water content of 90%and natural precipitation)were established.In addition,the effects of different water conditions on soil physical and chemical properties,soil enzyme activity,ginseng yield and quality were analyzed.The results showed that the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen and available phosphorus in the treatments with the relative soil water content of 80%and 90%were significantly higher than those in other treatments,and the activities of soil urease,acid phosphatase,catalase and sucrase were also relatively high.Unter the treatment of 80%relative soil water content,the yield per unit area of ginseng was highest(2715.64 g/m^(2)),which was 14.98%higher than that of CK.Moreover,the total saponins content of ginseng was also highest(4.02%),but there was no significant difference among treatments.On September 30,the contents of Rb_(1) and Re+Rg_(1) reached the highest under the treatment of 60%relative water content,indicating that appropriate water deficit was beneficial to the synthesis and accumulation of three monomer saponins in late growth stage of ginseng.Overall,80%relative soil water content is the most suitable water condition for the growth and development of ginseng.