肝硬化患者口腔和肠道菌群的变化及其相关性

The changes and correlation between oral and intestinal microflora in patients with liver cirrhosis

目的初步探讨肝硬化患者口腔和肠道菌群的关系。方法选取河北工程大学附属医院及邯郸市传染病医院2020年6月至2020年11月临床诊断为肝硬化的患者19例(肝硬化组),选择同时期的健康体检者19名作为健康组。采集以上人群的粪便及唾液标本。收集的样本进行DNA的提取及检测,通过16S rRNA V3-V4区域基因测序,所得到的优质数据信息与Greengene数据库进行比对,比较两组口腔和肠道菌群的差异。结果Venn图结果显示口腔与肠道物种虽然存在一定差异,但也存在相同的物种;肠道菌群在门水平上,HS组变形菌门丰度显著高于HC组(P<0.05),而拟杆菌门丰度低于HC组(P>0.05);在属水平上,HS组毛螺菌属丰度显著低于HC组(P<0.05),而大肠杆菌属、韦荣球菌属丰度显著高于HC组(P<0.05);口腔菌群在门水平上,HS组厚壁菌门丰度显著高于HC组(P<0.05),而变形菌门丰度显著低于HC组(P<0.05);在属水平上,HS组韦荣球菌属、纤毛菌属丰度显著高于HC组(P<0.05),而嗜血杆菌属丰度显著低于HC组(P<0.05);Alpha多样性分析结果显示肝硬化患者口腔和肠道菌群多样性和丰富度均出现下降;Beta多样性结果显示口腔和肠道菌群差异很大,且肠道菌群个体间的差异性要大于口腔菌群个体间的差异性。结论肝硬化患者口腔和肠道菌群组成上有很大差异性,但又有共同的物种存在。肝硬化患者口腔和肠道菌群条件致病菌显著增加而有益菌显著减少。

Objective To compare the differences between oral and intestinal microflora in patients with liver cirrhosis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing,and to analyze the association between them.Methods A total of 19 patients clinically diagnosed as liver cirrhosis were selected as the cirrhosis group(HS group),and 19 healthy volunteers were selected during the same period of time as the healthy group(HC).Fecal and saliva samples were collected from both groups of people.DNAs were extracted and 16S rRNA V3-V4 region gene sequencing were performed on the collected samples.The obtained high-quality data was compared with the Greengene database.The differences of oral and intestinal microflora between these two groups were further analyzed.Results Venn diagram showed that although there were some differences between oral and intestinal species,there also existed same species.At the phylum level,the abundance of Proteobacteria in HS group was significantly higher,whereas the abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower than that in HC group(all P<0.05).At the genus level,the abundance of Lachnospira in HS group was significantly lower,whereas the abundance of Escherichia and Veillonella were significantly higher than that in HC group(all P<0.05);As for the oral microflora at the phylum level,the abundance of Firmicutes in HS group was significantly higher,whereas the abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly lower than that in HC group(all P<0.05).At the genus level,the abundance of Veillonella and Leptotrichia was significantly higher,whereas the abundance of Haemophilus was significantly lower than that of HC group(all P<0.05).Alpha diversity analysis showed that the diversity and richness of oral and intestinal flora were decreased in patients with cirrhosis.Beta diversity results showed that there was significant difference between oral and intestinal microflora,and the difference between individuals of intestinal microflora was greater than that of oral microflora.Conclusion The oral and intestinal microflora composition of liver cirrhotic patients is very different,although there exists some common species.There was a significant increase in opportunistic bacteria and a significant decrease in beneficial bacteria in the oral and intestinal microflora of cirrhotic patients.