基于政策网络理论的社区养老服务能力研究

A Research on Community Support Capability for the Elderly Based on Policy Network Theory

社区养老服务能力关系着养老服务的质量和效率,提升社区养老服务能力有助于满足老人养老需求、实现养老政策实施目标。通过梳理文献构建社区养老服务能力指标体系,认为人力资源能力、物力资源能力、组织管理能力、财力资源能力和目前社区可提供的养老服务项目五方面是其主要组成部分。运用政策网络理论对社区养老服务的环境支持方、服务供给方、实际需求方的主体互动关系进行分析阐述。结合社区养老服务能力指标体系进一步提出提升社区养老服务能力的有效路径,即通过政策保障提升社区养老服务人力资源方面的综合能力;政府、社区、相关机构通力协作保证相关养老设施等得到合理使用并在政府拨款的基础上多渠道筹集资金,合理规划、专款专用;在政府监管的基础上,社区还应与其他社会组织加强合作,互补共进,探索我国未来社区养老服务发展的新模式。

The community service capacity for the elderly is related to the quality and efficiency of the service.Improving the service capacity is helpful to meet the needs of the elderly to achieve the goal of the policy for the elderly.Through literature review,the paper constructs an index system of community service capacity for the elderly,which consists of five aspects of human resource ability,material resource ability,organizational management ability,financial resource ability,and the current services that the community can provide for the elderly.Policy network theory is used to analyze and elaborate the interactions among the environmental supports,service suppliers and actual demands of the community service.Combined with the index system of community care service for the elderly,namely through the Policy Guarantee Promotion Community old-age service human resources aspect comprehensive ability;The government,the community and the relevant institutions work together to ensure that the relevant old-age facilities are used reasonably and that funds are raised through multiple channels on the basis of government funding,and that funds are properly planned and earmarked;on the basis of government supervision,the community should also strengthen cooperation with other social organizations to complement and advance together,this paper further puts forward an effective way to improve the capacity of the service and explores a new model for the future development of the care service for the elderly in China.