刘勰《文心雕龙》论“才气学习”

Influence of A Writer’s Talent,Temperament,Learning and Habit on His Writing Style in Wenxindiaolong

魏晋南北朝是中国古代文论蓬勃发展的阶段,先是魏曹丕《典论·论文》强调“文以气为主”;继而梁刘勰《文心雕龙·体性》扩大其说。论文章风格的四种成因:“才有庸儁,气有刚柔,学有浅深,习有雅郑。”以为“才”“气”来之于作者先天禀赋而难以移易;至于“学”“习”则系乎作者后天努力而勤勉可得,故篇中强调“八体屡迁,功以学成”“才由天资,学慎始习”,盖兼顾才气学习四端,颇为周全。考察刘勰《文心雕龙》立论,如《杂文》称“伟矣前修,学坚才饱”,《事类》举扬雄为例,说“夫以子云之才而自奏不学;及观书石室,乃成鸿采。”皆可证“才气学习”四者相辅相成。基于上述认知,值得深入原典,细加分析,以突显刘勰对作品风格成因来自作家“才气学习”的论述。

Chinese literary theory flourished in Wei,Jin and Southern and Northern dynasties.First of all,Cao Pi in Wei dynasty emphasized that the essay was based on temperament.In Southern and Northern dynasties,Liu Xie expanded this statement in Wenxindiaolong by exploring the four conditions of writer's talent,temperament,learning and habit,which have a decisive influence on the writing style.This view is very comprehensive and worthy of in-depth discussion in this paper.