古汉语中“走”“跑”的词义演变分析

An Analysis of the Evolution of the Words Meaning “Zou” and “Pao” in Ancient Chinese

汉语史上用来表示“位移”义的有“走”“趋”“行”“步”“跑”“波”等。在现代汉语中主要由“走”和“跑”来表示“位移”的语义。其中“走”在殷商时期就可以见到,使用范围最广,用法也最为复杂。“跑”则最初用于“刨地”之义,“奔跑”之义则是直承于“赴”。在元代“走”代替“行”,明代则是“跑”代替“走”的重要时期,并最终由“走-行”对立演化到今天的“跑-走”对立。

In the history of Chinese,there were “zou”,“qu”,"xing",“bu”,“pao”and “bo” used to express the meaning of “displacement”.In modern Chinese,the meaning of“displacement”is mainly expressed by“zou”and“pao”.“Zou” can be seen in the Yin and Shang dynasties,and it is the most widely used in most complicated way.“Pao” was originally used for the meaning of “paodi”, and the meaning of “running” was directly inherited from “fu”.In the Yuan Dynasty,“zou” replaced “xing”,and the Ming Dynasty was an important period when “pao” replaced “xing”, and finally evolved from the “zou-xing”opposition to today's “pao-zou”opposition.