基于驱动与控制相互作用的成瘾冲动性结构与机制

Structure and mechanism of addictive impulsivity based on the interaction between drive and control

物质成瘾者具有明显的冲动性特征,表现为难以戒断的成瘾物质使用。这种行为的产生除了抑制控制的问题外,源于多个维度的驱动力也是重要的原因。低弱的抑制力无法抵挡驱力的作用,出现不平衡状态,形成难以控制的渴求下的强迫性用药或习惯性用药行为倾向。驱动力来源于多方面,奖赏效应,通过条件作用形成的S-R式相关线索反应以及感觉寻求等人格特质;控制成分则包括了反应抑制与无法延迟满足的执行控制功能。

Substance addicts show significant impulsivity,which manifests as substance abuse and difficulty in withdrawing.In addition to the problems of inhibition and executive control,driving force from multiple psychological dimensions is also an important reason for impulsive substance use.This drive stems from a variety of sources,including reward effect,S-R related cue response through conditioning and sensation-seeking personality trait.Low levels of inhibition are insufficient to resist the effects of the drive.Consequently,this unbalanced state will lead to a habitual tendency in behaviour or compulsion to use substances under addicts’craving.These two types of behavior are the manifestation of addictive impulsivity.