全球海洋安全治理困境及其应对策略

Dilemma of Global Maritime Security Governance and Its Mitigation

海洋安全治理是当前国际社会关注的焦点议题之一。随着海洋风险的日趋复杂化,海洋安全不仅包括以国家行为体和非国家行为体作为主体的要素,也因海洋环境保护和“蓝色经济”发展等议题的引入而使得安全要素范畴不断扩大,专业化趋势日益加强,且不同安全议题的互动愈加频繁。现行国际治理秩序存在明显局限性,包括国际制度约束松散、权力政治逻辑显著、传统安全要素与非传统安全要素交织、国家应对能力建设不足、生态环境系统失衡等,难以应对层出不穷的海洋安全议题。中国以多元行为主体界定海洋安全治理,以多层次治理模式建构海洋安全治理框架,以恰当手段联动完善海洋安全治理路径,并以短、中、长期目标结合方式,确定海洋安全治理的基本原则。中国正加强应对海洋安全风险的能力建设,从理念、政治、经济、生态环境等维度优化海洋安全治理,推动全球海洋安全治理秩序的发展和完善。

Maritime security is now drawing growing global attention.Because of the increasing complexity of maritime risks,maritime security concerns not only state actors but also nonstate actors,and involves marine environmental protection and“blue economy”development.Factors that affect maritime security have expanded and involves an increasing number of specialized and interacting issues.Because of its obvious limitations,the current international governance order is not robust enough to deal with emerging maritime security issues,including the international institutions,power political logic,the interwoven traditional and nontraditional security challenges,insufficient national capacity,and ecosystem imbalances.China’s approach to maritime security governance involves multiple actors and a multilevel security architecture,and combines short-term,mid-term,and long-term goals,in an effort to build its national capacity in maritime governance and contributing to global maritime security by adopting a multi-pronged strategy that includes ideational,political,economic,and ecological dimensions.