犏牛国考:苏毗与附国新论

A New View on Supi and Bod, Two Ancient Countries

经前期研究,唐蕃古道的基本走向非藏北路线而是经由康藏地区前往吐蕃牙帐,其线路上的苏毗国王城位置就在今四川理塘。由这一研究结果继续探索,可发现苏毗与唐以前存在的附国在文献、地理上高度契合,二者应为一国。经考,苏毗的前身应系汉代旄牛夷、莋夷,其羌藏语全称可对译为“mdzo bod”,即“犏牛蕃”之义,隋代简称“bod”(附国)。对苏毗国位置和族源的新发现,也为汉文文献中“吐蕃”一词的来源问题以及8世纪中叶磨些人之族源问题提供了新的解决方案。

According to the previous studies, thebasic direction of the Tang-Tubo Ancient Roadis not theroute in northern Tibet but the one thorough Kham Tibetan area to Tubo(the ancient Tibet). The capital city(Litang, Sichuan province of China today) ofanancient country, Supi, was located on the route. Based on this research result, it can be found that Supi and Bod, a country existed before the Tang Dynasty, are highly similar in the their literature records and their geographical location, so the two should be one country. Supi was calledMaoniu Yi and Dzo Yi in the Han Dynasty. Its full name in Qiang Tibetan can be translated as "mdzo bod", which means "Yak Bod", and it was abbreviated as "Bod" in the Sui Dynasty. The new discovery of the location and ethnic origin of the ancient country, Supi, also provides a new basis for the origin of the term "Tubo" in Chinese literature and the origin of Moxie people in the middle of the 8thcentury.