关于萨迦寺及其周边出土擦擦的初步考察

A Preliminary Investigation on the Unearthed Tsa-tsa at Sakya Monastery and its Surrounding Areas

近年来,萨迦寺及其周边遗址相继出土一批擦擦。这批擦擦大多为萨迦寺历代法王、高僧大德灵塔和佛像的装藏圣物,部分擦擦年代较为明确,其题材涉及萨迦派尊崇的佛、菩萨、本尊、护法神和佛塔等,反映出这一区域萨迦派教法传承体系、藏传佛教的发展历史和艺术变迁。这批擦擦分布集中、主题统一、延续时间较长,可将其统称为“萨迦擦擦”。文章对这批材料进行细致梳理,在前人研究的基础上讨论不同时期擦擦的工艺和风格特点,并将其分为吸收与借鉴、融合与创新和发展与繁荣三个阶段。

In recent years, a number of Tsa-tsa(clay sculptures) have been unearthed at Sakya Monastery and its surrounding areas.Most of these Tsa-tsa are the sacred objects put in the funeral stupas of the Dharma Kings and the eminent monks of Sakya Monasteryand statues there. The ages of some Tsa-tsa are clear, and they are sculptures of Buddha, Bodhisattvas, deities, Dharma protectors and stupas, etc., which reflect the inheritance system of the Sakyaba sect, the history and artistic changes of the Tibetan Buddhism in this region. These Tsa-tsahave a concentrated distribution, a unified theme, and a long history,so they can be collectively referred to as "Sakya Tsa-tsa". This article contains a detailed analysis of the Tsa-tsa, and discusses the craft and styles of Tsa-tsa from different historical times on the basis of previous studies. Then, the author divides the history of Tsa-tsa into three stages, namely, the stage of absorption and reference, the stage of integration and innovation, and the stage of development and prosperity.