浅析张锡纯“取象比类”以药性解药用

Analysis of ZHANG Xi-chun’s ‘taking images to compare classes’ for medicinal use

"取象比类"指以外在物象总结事物内在本质,推理一般规律,并以之类用。张锡纯为近代中医大家,其临床用药别具特色,对中药的发微恒取药性之象以类推其临床之用,并参合古今诸家之说、自身临证之验,常有所得。文章整理《医学衷中参西录》中的中药临床应用部分,从中药的形质、色泽、气味、习性4个方面简要归纳药性,并以之取象比类中药药用,结合张锡纯的临床用药观,探讨其对中药药性、药用的独特见解,揭示张锡纯临床用药特色。

‘Taking images to compare classes’ refers to summarizing the inner essence of things according to the external objects, reasoning about general laws, and using them for similar purposes. ZHANG Xi-chun is a master of traditional Chinese medicine in modern times. His clinical medication has unique characteristics. His interpretation of the subtleties of traditional Chinese medicine always takes the signs of the properties of the medicine to analogy its clinical use. He also refers to and sums up the theories of various schools of ancient and modern times, and self-experimental treatment, often gains. This article sorts out the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine in the Records of Chinese Medicine with Reference to Western Medicine, briefly summarizes the properties of traditional Chinese medicine from the four aspects of its shape, color,smell, and habits, and uses it to analogize the medicinal use of traditional Chinese medicine, combined with ZHANG Xi-chun’s clinical medication view, discusses his unique insights into the properties and medicinal use of Chinese medicine, and reveals ZHANG Xi-chun’s clinical medication characteristics.