植物生长调节剂对小麦灌浆期干热风的缓解效应

Mitigation Effect of Plant Growth Regulator on Dry Hot Wind during Wheat Filling Stage

为筛选抗干热风的植物生长调节剂,缓解灌浆期高温低湿对小麦叶片功能的损害,2018~2020年以小麦品种山农28和师栾02-1为试材,采用温室增温除湿鼓风的方式,研究了3种植物生长调节剂(天达2116、旱地龙和艾富莱)对灌浆期小麦生理指标和产量的影响。结果表明:3种植物生长调节剂均可提高小麦旗叶的SPAD值、净光合速率(Pn)、有效光量子产量(QY)、光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)和相对含水量,增大冠气温差,提高千粒重和产量。其中,喷施天达2116效果最好,与磷酸二氢钾对照(CK_(1))和清水对照(CK_(2))相比,小麦旗叶SPAD值分别提高9.7%~28.8%和6.5%~16.9%,Pn提高23.9%~49.3%,QY分别提高1.8%~8.9%和5.2%~5.6%,Fv/Fm分别提高2.0%~5.2%和3.0%~5.8%,相对含水量分别提高4.1%~8.2%和3.7%~8.1%,冠气温差分别提高1.2~4.6℃和0.5~1.8℃,千粒重分别增加0.7~1.4 g和1.1~1.8 g,产量分别提高7.3%~9.6%和5.9%~13.4%。在小麦生育中后期喷施2次天达2116,可显著增强叶片生理活性、降低冠层温度,有效缓解灌浆后期干热风对小麦造成的伤害程度,明显提高千粒重和产量。

In order to screen plant growth regulators resistant to dry hot wind and alleviate the damage of high temperature and low humidity on the function of wheat leaves during grain filling,the effects of three plant growth regulators(Tianda 2116,Handilong and Aifulai)on the physiological indexes and yield of wheat during grain filling were studied by using wheat varieties Shannong 28 and Shiluan 02-1 as test materials and greenhouse warming and dehumidification blast from 2018 to 2020.The results showed that the three plant growth regulators could increase the SPAD value,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),effective light quantum yield(QY),photochemical quantum efficiency(Fv/Fm)and relative water content of wheat flag leaves,increase the temperature difference between crown and air,and increase 1000 grain weight and yield.Among them,spray ing Tianda 2116 had the best effect.Compared with potassium dihydrogen phosphate control(CK_(1))and water control(CK_(2)),the SPAD value of wheat flag leaves increased by 9.7%-28.8%and 6.5%-16.9%,Pn in creased by 23.9%-49.3%,QY increased by1.8%-8.9%and 5.2%-5.6%,Fv/Fm increased by2.0%-5.2%and 3.0%-5.8%,relative water content increased by 4.1%-8.2%and 3.7%-8.1%,and crown air temperature difference increased by 1.2-4.6 and0-1.8℃respectively.The 1000-grain weight increased by 0.7-1.4 g and 1.1-1.8 g respectively,and the yield increased by 7.3%-9.6%and 5.9%-13.4%respectively.Spraying Tianda 2116 twice at the middle and late growth stage of wheat can significantly enhance the physiological activity of leaves,reduce the canopy temperature,effectively alleviate the damage caused by dry hot wind at the late filling stage,and significantly improve 1000-grain weight and yield.