18世纪中国与欧洲人物瓷雕的交融与变异

Fusion and Variation of Porcelain Carving Figures of China and Europe in the 18th Century

17-18世纪,伴随着“中国风”和洛可可艺术的兴盛,订制化的中国瓷器成为欧洲社会重要的收藏品,人物瓷雕是其中具有代表性的一类。欧洲的需求促进了中国景德镇和德化出口人物瓷雕的生产,达到了历史高峰,进口的中国瓷雕又刺激了欧洲本土瓷业,使之在18世纪迅猛发展。中国的西洋人物瓷雕和欧洲的东方风格瓷雕因为制作目的、审美观念和文化隔阂的原因而具有不同的特点,前者常在有限的题材下巧妙运用“借用”的手法,后者则是在仿制的基础上逐渐走向“借题发挥”式的变异。

From the 17th century to the 18th century,with the prosperity of“Chinoiserie”and Rococo art,customized Chinese porcelain became an important collection in European society,of which porcelain carving figures was a representative one.The demand of European promoted the production of exported porcelain carving figures of Jingdezhen and Dehua in China,reaching a historical peak.The imported Chinese porcelain carving figures stimulated the local porcelain industry in Europe,which developed rapidly in the 18th century.Western figures of Chinese porcelain and porcelain figures of European eastern style have different characteristics because of the production purpose,aesthetic concept and cultural estrangement.The former often skillfully uses the technique of“borrowing”under the limitation of the theme,while the latter gradually moves towards the variation of“free development from a subject”on the basis of imitation.