农村低收入群体的收入增长与共同富裕

Income Growth and Common Prosperity of Rural Low-Income Groups

根据中国居民收入分配课题组(CHIP)历次农村住户调查数据,讨论农村低收入群体的收入增长基本特征及其影响因素。相对于农村居民收入水平的总体增长,低收入群体收入增长总体上相对更为缓慢。外出务工收入和农业经营收入具有缩小低收入群体和总体收入差异的作用;本地工资性收入具有扩大收入差异的作用。从收入差距解释份额看,低收入群体的本地工资性收入和农业经营收入也是导致收入差距扩大的重要因素。从群组特征来看,低收入群体中劳动力缺乏、老龄人口增加以及区域分布差异成为重要的解释因素,受教育程度差异的解释作用也在逐渐上升。为此,促进低收入人群的收入增长,需要完善针对老年人群的保障体系、改善受教育的均衡性,增加低收入群体的就业机会,并促进劳动力流动以及区域经济平衡发展。

Using data from previous rural household surveys by the China Household Income Project,this paper discusses the basic characteristics and influencing factors of income growth among rural low-income groups.In contrast to the overall growth of rural residents’income level,the income growth of low-income groups is generally slower.Migrant work income and farming income can reduce the income gap between low-income groups and the rest,while local wage income can increase the gap.In terms of contributions to the income gap,the local wage income and farming income of low-income groups are important contributory factors to income gap expansion.From population group characteristics,the lack of a labor force and increased aging population among low-income groups,as well as regional distribution differences,are important explanatory factors.The interpretation of the difference in education is gradually rising.Therefore,to promote income growth for low-income groups,it is necessary to improve the security system for the elderly,balance education,provide them with more employment,and promote labor mobility and a more even development of the regional economy.