马克思生活主体的三种样态

Three Patterns of Marx Life Subject

在包括资本主义在内的一切旧时代里,人类生活的真实主体样态被形形色色的生活理论所遮蔽,生活主体在虚构的生活世界中被边缘化、工具化。马克思在考察人类生活世界时,紧紧抓住“人”这个根本,从日常生活、现实社会生活、理想生活三个维度,拨开了笼罩于生活主体之上的层层迷雾。他以“现实的人”为立足点和出发点,揭示了人作为生活主体的三种样态:一是从历史大尺度考察一般生活的主体,揭示了“现实的人”是日常生活的承担者;二是从现实生活角度考察资本主义社会生活的主体,揭示了“打上阶级烙印的人”——无产阶级的历史方位与历史使命;三是从理论前瞻角度考察理想生活的创建者,揭示了“全面而自由发展的人”的发展路径。马克思关于生活主体样态的深刻阐述,是习近平总书记关于“促进人的全面发展和社会全面进步”思想的深厚理论渊源,为紧紧依靠人民创建美好生活提供了科学理论依据。

In all the past times, including the capitalism, the real life subject of human life was covered by all kinds of life theories. Therefore, life subject was marginalized and instrumentalized in the fictional life world. When observing human life world, Marx, holding on to the core question of “human”, revealed what is true life subject from the levels of daily life, real social life and ideal life. Starting from “real man”,Marx revealed the three patterns of life with man as subject. The first pattern is the “real man”as the carrier of daily life, when the common life subject is observed from macro historical perspective. The second pattern is “class stamped man”who shouldered historical mission, when capitalist social life subject was observed from real life. The third pattern is “all-round free man”, when idea life creator was observed from frontier theory.Marx’s profound enunciation of life patterns not only consisted of the theoretical basis of Xi Jinping thought about“Promoting all-round human development and all-round social progress”, but also provided theoretical guidance for creating a better life by people.