太谷明清时期民居门楼装饰类型浅析

Analysis on the decorative types of the residential gatehouses in the Ming and Qing dynasties in Taigu

门楼是民居院落的重要组成部分,也是一种建筑文化遗产,其装饰构件具有较高的艺术价值。通过文献研究和实地调研测绘的方法,对山西省晋中市太谷区明清时期民居门楼装饰构件进行了分类,从门楼装饰构件类型、题材、保护三方面进行论述,对民居门楼的墀头、吻兽、雀替和垂花4个装饰构件进行分类研究,还对门楼装饰构件上图案选材的社会倾向、种类和表现手法进行探讨,以期为其他地区门楼装饰构件分类研究和保护与修缮提供参考,还可完善民居门楼装饰及保护理论体系。

Gatehouse is not only an important part of the residential courtyard,but also a kind of architectural cultural heritage,its decorative components have high artistic value. Through the method of literature research and field survey and mapping,the decorative components of residential gatehouses in the Ming and Qing dynasties in Taigu district,Jinzhong city,Shanxi province were classified.The types,themes and protection of decorative components of the gate building were discussed. The classification of four decorative components including chitou,rhynchotherium,sparrow brace and vertical style of the gatehouse building of residential buildings was studied. The social tendency,types and expression methods of the patterns on the decorative components of the gatehouse were discussed,in order to provide some reference value for the classification research,protection and repair of the decorative components of the gatehouse in other areas,and to perfect the theoretical system of the decoration and protection of the residential gatehouse.