从匹配到建构:新高考背景下高中生涯教育理论转换与实现

From Matching to Construction:Transformation and Realization of High School Career Education Theory under the Background of New College Entrance Examination

在新高考改革背景下,高中生涯教育成为基础教育中的热点话题。目前已经开展的高中生涯教育基本沿袭职业生涯规划早期的人职匹配论的模式,这种理论范式起源于大工业时期解决成人群体求职问题,对于当今乌卡时代成长中的青少年群体来说存在诸多的局限性。生涯建构理论强调个体在与环境的互动中塑造经验,创造理想的未来,不被当前暂时的状态、心理测验数据结果所束缚。这样的生涯教育视角更加有助于学生适应未来复杂多变的职业世界。本研究介绍生涯建构理论的主要思想,分别梳理生涯建构理论在高中生涯教育的课程、咨询、测评等领域的应用,也分析基于生涯建构理论视角的生涯教育评价问题,以期为高中生涯教育实践提供理论支持。

The high school career education has become a hot topic in the basic education under the background of the new college entrance examination reform.At present,career education in senior high schools has basically followed the pattern of matching theory because of starting late,lacking experience.This pattern has many limitations for high school students..Career construction theory emphasizes the development of the individual,it also emphasizes that people can shape the experience,discover themselves and create themselves by interacting with the environment.Such a career education perspective is more helpful for students to adapt to the complex and changeable career world in the future.This study introduces the main ideas of career construction theory,combs the design strategy of high school career education based on this theory and its application in career counseling and career evaluation.It also analyzes the problem of career education evaluation based on the perspective of career construction theory,in order to provide theoretical reference for the practice of high school career education.