我国第二产业劳动者职业健康知识知晓情况调查

Investigation on the awareness of occupational health knowledge in workers of the secondary industry in China

目的 了解我国第二产业中重点行业劳动者职业健康知识知晓情况。方法 采用多阶段整群抽样方法,选择我国东、中、西部8个省级行政区(山东省、广东省、山西省、安徽省、河南省、重庆市、甘肃省和青海省)的第二产业中重点行业的29 015名劳动者为研究对象,采用《第二产业重点行业劳动者职业健康知识知晓情况调查问卷》对其职业健康知识的知晓情况进行调查。结果 研究对象职业健康知识的知晓率为57.6%±16.6%;其中,广东省劳动者的知晓率最低(P值均<0.05),山东省劳动者的知晓率最高(P值均<0.05);学历越高的劳动者知晓率越高(P值均<0.05);年龄为18~<31岁劳动者的知晓率低于其余4个年龄组(P值均<0.05);女性劳动者的知晓率高于男性(P<0.01);一线工人劳动者的知晓率低于班组长、中层干部和高层领导(P值均<0.05);工龄为<3.0年组劳动者的知晓率低于其余3个工龄组(P值均<0.05);建筑业劳动者的知晓率分别高于采矿业、制造业以及电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业。研究对象22项职业健康知识的知晓率为0.0%~93.1%;其中,知晓率最高的为“如何佩戴个人防护装备”,最低的为“劳动者享有的权利”。结论 我国第二产业中重点行业劳动者对职业健康知识的知晓程度总体不高,存在地区、文化程度、年龄、性别、岗位、工龄和行业差异。

Objective To explore the awareness of workers on occupational health knowledge in key industries of the secondary industry in China. Methods A total of 29 015 workers from key industries of the secondary industry in eight provincial administrative regions(Shandong, Guangdong, Shanxi, Anhui, Henan, Chongqing, Gansu and Qinghai province) of eastern, central and western China were selected as the research subjects using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The Questionnaire on Occupational Health Knowledge of Workers in Key Industries of Secondary Industry was used to investigate the knowledge of occupational health knowledge among these workers. Results The awareness rate of occupational health knowledge was 57.6%±16.6%. The awareness rate of workers in Guangdong Province was the lowest(all P<0.05), and that in Shandong province was the highest(all P<0.05). The higher the education level, the higher the awareness rate(all P<0.05). The awareness rate of workers aged 18-<31 was lower than that of the other four age groups(P<0.05). The awareness rate of female workers was higher than that of male workers(P<0.01). The awareness rate of front-line workers was lower than that of team leaders, middle-level cadres and senior leaders(all P<0.05). The awareness rate of workers in the group of <3.0 years of service was lower than that of the other three groups(all P<0.05). The awareness rate of construction workers was higher than that of mining industry, manufacturing industry and industry of electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply industries respectively. The awareness rate of 22 occupational health knowledge was 0.0%-93.1%. Among them, the highest awareness rate was “how to wear personal protective equipment”, and the lowest awareness rate was “rights enjoyed by workers”. Conclusion The knowledge of occupational health among workers in key industries of the secondary industry in China is generally not high, and there are differences among regions, education level, age, gender, work post, length of service and type of industry.