走出平台治理迷思:管制与反垄断的良性互动

Getting Out of the Myth of Platform Governance: The Benign Interaction Between Regulation and Antitrust

大型数字平台具有公共性,是一类新型的公共设施。平台对用户、平台内经营者、竞争对手存在事实上的支配力,且这种市场力量与竞争优势容易被滥用。对于大型数字平台,我国早期奉行形式治理理念,当下这一理念亟待转型,应从形式治理迈向实质治理。数字经济时代平台垄断的治理不应局限于适用《反垄断法》,管制与反垄断的良性互动是践行实质治理理念的最佳范式选择。就事前与事中管制而言,行业管制部门应当以开放义务为中心创设管制规则,原则上要求大型数字平台公平、公正对外开放。就事后反垄断而言,可在《反垄断法》总则部分专设平台反垄断条款以强化反垄断执法与司法效能。以实质治理理念为指引,以管制与反垄断为两维,规训平台从私益性向公共性回归,有助于重塑数字市场的自由竞争格局,提升数字市场的创新活力与数据资源配置效率。

The large digital platform is a new type of public utility. These platforms have dominant influence on users, platform operators and competitors. Moreover, this kind of influence and competitive advantage can be easily abused. In the early stage, China adopted the concept of formal governance when govern large digital platforms, but now this concept needs to be transformed and should move from formal governance to substantive governance. The governance of platform monopoly in the digital economy should not be limited to the application of the Anti-monopoly Law. Full interaction between regulation and anti-monopoly is the best choice to implement the concept of substantive governance. In terms of regulation, the regulatory agency should make regulation rules centered on open obligation, and require platform open to competitors fairly and impartially. As far as post event anti-monopoly is concerned, it is necessary to set up a special platform antimonopoly provision in the Antimonopoly Law to strengthen antitrust enforcement and antitrust justice. Guided by the concept of substantive governance and promote the platform to return from self-interest to publicity which will help us to reshape the free competition pattern of digital market, and enhance the innovation vitality and data resource allocation efficiency of digital market.