基于道德想象力视角的幼儿园教育软暴力现象透析与消解途径

Analysis and Resolution of Soft Violence in Kindergarten Education from the Perspective of Moral Imagination

幼儿园教育软暴力是幼儿园普遍存在的一种暴力现象,具有施暴行为无意性、施暴方式多样性和隐蔽性、施暴后果延迟性等特点。因此,幼儿园教育软暴力的消解面临着不被重视、难以监督、无处不在等困境。基于伦理学中道德想象力的相关理念,对幼儿园教育软暴力的消解困境进行剖析,可以认识到幼儿园教师道德想象力匮乏背后的一系列连锁效应是造成幼儿园教育软暴力难以消解的重要原因。因此,培育幼儿园教师的道德想象力是消解幼儿园教育软暴力的崭新切入点。首先,幼儿园教师应该以“倾听”作为共情的桥梁,从自我走向他人;其次,在问题情境中“彩排”和“感受”是培育幼儿园教师道德想象力的重要途径;最后,重视以反思和内省为基础的经验积累,逐步突破领域限制,了解人的样性。

Soft violence in kindergarten education is a universal phenomenon of violence in kindergartens.It has the characteristics of unintentional violence,diversity and concealment of violence,and delayed consequences of violence.Therefore,the resolution of soft violence in kindergarten education is facing the dilemma of being ignored,difficult to supervise and ubiquitous.Based on the related concept of moral imagination in ethics,this paper analyzes the dilemma of eliminating soft violence in kindergarten education,and realizes that a series of chain effects behind the lack of moral imagination of kindergarten teachers are important reasons for the difficulty in eliminating soft violence in kindergarten education.Therefore,cultivating kindergarten teachers'moral imagination is a new breakthrough point to eliminate soft violence in kindergarten education.First of all,kindergarten teachers should take“listening”as a bridge of empathy from self to others.Then,“rehearsal”and“feeling”are important ways to cultivate kindergarten teachers'moral imagination in the problem situation.Finally,it is necessary to pay attention to the accumulation of experience based on reflection and introspection,gradually break through the limitations of the field,and understand the human nature.