诈骗罪中数额加重犯的类型判断与限制--以电信网络诈骗为切入点

Type Judgment and Limitation of Aggravated Crime in Fraud:Taking Telecommunications Network Fraud as a Starting Point

电信诈骗犯罪的肆意泛滥与诈骗罪司法裁判标准的不一,引发了学界关于数额加重犯类型判断的思考,并相继形成了“量刑规则说”与“加重构成说”两种观点。“量刑规则说”立足于德国刑事立法实践,认为诈骗罪中数额加重犯不存在未遂状态的观点并不可取,对“加重构成说”的指责也无法合理证立。对于诈骗罪中数额加重犯的刑事处断而言,“加重构成说”更符合刑事法治的逻辑性,也更有利于解决司法难题。当然,基于谦抑主义的立场,对于诈骗罪加重数额未遂的限制,可通过主客观两个维度展开。在客观维度上,以一般人视角对不法行为是否会对财产法益造成具体危险进行实质性的判断;在主观维度上,对于混合被害人过错的诈骗罪数额加重犯案件,在量刑上应适当轻缓。

The wanton spread of Telecom fraud crime and the different judicial judgment standards of fraud crime have triggered the thinking of the academic circles on the type judgment of aggravated crime,and have formed two views of“sentencing rule theory”and“aggravating constitution theory”.Based on the practice of German criminal legislation,the“theory of sentencing rules”believes that the view that there is no attempted state of aggravated crime in the crime of fraud is not desirable,and the accusation of“aggravated constitution theory”can not be reasonably justified.It is more logical to solve the problem of“aggravating the amount of crime of fraud”and“aggravating the punishment of criminal crime under the rule of law”.Of course,based on the position of modesty,the restrictions on the attempted increase of the amount of fraud can be carried out from two dimensions:subjective and objective.In the objective dimension,it makes a substantive judgment on whether the illegal act will cause specific danger to the property legal interests from the perspective of ordinary people.In the subjective dimension,the aggravated crime of fraud with mixed victims’faults should be appropriately mitigated in sentencing.