面向海上发射任务的气象海洋无人观测系统设计与实现

Design and Implementation of Meteorological and Marine Unmanned Observation System for Sea-based Launching Missions

2020年9月中旬,我国在黄海海域成功实施了运载火箭海上发射任务。受限于远海海域气象海洋资料获取难度大,实时性、分辨率低,文章创新性地利用新型无人走航式监测平台搭载多种传感器,为海上发射任务提供精细化气象海洋实况观测保障。首先通过实际应用需求分析,设计了针对此次保障的海上观测实施技术方案,选择波浪滑翔器作为观测平台,搭载气象、水温和波浪等多种传感器,采用定点运行观测模式,使用北斗通信并设计相应数据传输和处理机制,以满足气象海洋预报对实时观测数据的实际需求。其次通过数据综合分析验证了此次任务中该系统在实施气象海洋保障工作中的稳定性和可靠性。最后提出了针对海上气象海洋观测的几点思考,为后续海上发射气象海洋保障任务提供参考。

In mid-September 2020, China successfully completed a sea-based launching mission on the Yellow Sea.Considering the difficulty of obtaining high-resolution meteorological and marine data in real time on the open sea, this study describes a method using a new unmanned mobile platform equipped with various sensors to provide refined meteorological and marine observations in the launch area. The optimal technical scheme was designed and implemented to ensure a smooth mission through the analysis of actual needs. Wave gliders equipped with weather, water temperature,and wave sensors were selected as the observation platform, and the fixed-point operation observation mode and Beidou communication module were used. The corresponding data transmission and processing system was designed to meet the needs of real-time observations for meteorological and marine forecasting. The stability and reliability of using the wave glider as an observation platform in the process of providing refined meteorological and marine support services were verified. Finally, this paper puts forward some thoughts on the mode and operation mechanism of meteorological observation support and provides a reference for follow-up tasks.