基于COⅠ基因序列的云南人工养殖黄脚胡蜂遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Cultivated Vespa velutina in Yunnan Province Based on COⅠGene Sequence

【目的】了解云南省人工养殖黄脚胡蜂(Vespa velutina Lepeletier,1836)的遗传多样性及遗传分化现状,为科学养殖与利用等方面和入侵种群危害防控提供基础资料,【方法】利用线粒体COⅠ基因标记对云南省8个人工养殖种群的遗传多样性进行研究。【结果】测定154个样本线粒体COⅠ基因部分序列,共检测出614个保守位点,7个变异位点,7个单倍型;各种群间核苷酸遗传距离在0.000~0.020之间,核苷酸多度在0~0.00079之间,单倍型多度在0~0.6之间,核苷酸平均差异数在0~2.09825之间,核苷酸歧义度在0.00000~0.00398之间;种群的Tajima´D=-0.62598,P>0.10;遗传分化指数Fst为0.03163;分子系统树显示,各养殖种群之间分支较近,无明显遗传分化情况,黄脚胡蜂分为2支,昆明种群内的部分个体聚为一支,其他7个种群的聚为1支。【结论】云南省人工养殖黄脚胡蜂遗传多样性低,遗传距离较近,遗传分化程度较低,遗传变异主要来源于种群内部,各种群间的亲缘关系较近,养殖母种群大部分可能来源于亲缘关系相近的原始种群。

【Objective】This paper intends to understand the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of Vespa velutina Lepeletier,1836 in Yunnan province,and to provide basic information for scientific breeding and utilization as well as the prevention and control of invasive population hazards.【Method】Genetic diversity of eight different breeding populations in Yunnan province were researched based on mi⁃tochondrial COⅠgene markers.【Result】The partial sequence of mitochondrial COⅠgene was deter⁃mined in 154 samples.Totally,614 conserved sites,7 variation sites and 7 haplotypes were detected.The nucleotide genetic distance between various groups was 0.000 to 0.020,nucleotide abundance was 0 to 0.00079,haplotype abundance was 0 to 0.6,average nucleotide difference was 0 to 2.09825 and nucleotide ambiguity was 0.00000 to 0.00398.In the population,Tajima´D was-0.62598 and P>0.10.Genetic differentiation index Fst was 0.03163.The molecular phylogenetic tree showed that the relation⁃ships between the populations are close,without obvious genetic differentiation.V.velutina were divided into 2 branches,some individuals in Kunming population were clustered into one branch,and the other 7 populations were clustered into one branch.【Conclusion】The diversity of cultivated V.velutina is low,with close genetic distance and a small degree of genetic differentiation.The genetic variation mainly comes from within the population.The groups are closely related to each other and the cultivated populations may come from the original population with close genetic relationship.