汉魏《诗》学发展与《诗经》名物释义

Evolution of the Study of Shijing(The Book of Songs)in the Han and Wei Dynasties and the Interpretation of the Names of Things Therein

《诗》中富含名物,《诗》作为经学典籍,其价值观念的构建是以实实在在的名物为基础的。后世对《诗》中名物的不断阐释,构成《诗经》名物学,成为《诗》学的重要组成部分。汉魏《诗》学演进与价值构建中,对于名物的释义有着清晰的发展线索与明确的内容表达。两汉经学今古文交错发展,《诗经》名物释义以“随文释义”为基本方式,释义形式灵活,内容丰富多样;魏晋南北朝经学衰微,以王郑之争、南北之争为背景,《诗经》名物释义在“随文释义”的基础上,出现以《陆疏》为代表的摆脱经学束缚而“独立阐释”的发展模式,且对后世影响深远。在此基本路径下,汉魏《诗经》名物释义整体上体现着以“伦理政治表达”“语言文字训诂”“名物本体疏解”为主的表达内容。这些内容对唐代《毛诗正义》的成书产生重要影响。

Shijing(The Book of Songs)contains the names of many things.As a Confucian classic,the construction of its values is based on the concrete things or objects.Later generations continued to interpret the names and objects in Shijing,which constitutes the study of names of things in Shijing and becomes an important part of the study of Shijing.During the academic evolution of Shijing in the Han and Wei Dynasties(206 BC⁃265 AD),the interpretation of the names of things has clear development clues with articulate contents.The development of Jinwen(New Texts)classics and Guwen(Old Texts)Classics were intertwined in the Han Dynasty(206 BC⁃220 AD).With“interpretation in the text”as a fundamental principle,the interpretation is flexible in form and diverse in content.Confucian classics declined during the Cao Wei(220⁃265),Jin(266⁃420),Southern and Northern Dynasties(420⁃589 AD).Under the background of the academic dispute between Wang Su(王肃)and Zheng Xuan(郑玄)and the academic dispute between the North and the South,on the basis of“interpretation in the text,”“independent interpretation,”represented by Lu Shu(《陆疏》),developed as a new model,breaking away from the shackles of Confucian classics,and had a profound impact on later generations.Under this basic clue,as a whole the interpretation of names in Shijing in the Han and Wei Dynasties makes“ethical and political expression,”“language exegesis”and“resolves the ontology of names.”These contents have an important influence on the writing of Mao Shi Zheng Yi(Right Meaning of the Mao Poetry)in the Tang Dynasty.