今本《毛诗草木鸟兽虫鱼疏》与《毛诗正义》关系考论

A Textual Research on the Relationship Between the Existing Editions of Mao Shi Cao Mu Niao Shou Chong Yu Shu(Commentary on Botanical and Zoological Terms in Mao’s Book of Songs)and Mao Shi Zheng Yi(Rectification of Mao’s Book of Song)

《陆疏》原书久佚,而《孔疏》征引最多,《陆疏》今本均为辑本,是以元明丛书为源头而形成的今本系统。探求《陆疏》今本与《孔疏》的关系、在《孔疏》基础上以哪些方式作了哪些增补与改动,是探求《陆疏》今本的祖本原貌、进而确立《陆疏》今本间关系的基础。今本《陆疏》主体辑自《孔疏》,其条目名皆取《诗经》某句,大体与《诗经》篇目对应,使名、物、证三位一体,当是辑录者所为;有些未对应条目,或因辑补时“冠名”致误,或出于某种编纂需要而有意为之。而辑撰的主要方式有增补句首名物词、合辑不同语段、拆分同一语段后增补、整合《孔疏》所引其它文献、将《孔疏》文羼入,甚至据其它文献臆补等,这也造成今本《陆疏》较之唐宋文献所引“膨胀”许多。

The original edition of Lu Shu(《陆疏》)has been long lost,while Kong Shu(《孔疏》)has been cited the most.The existing editions of Lu Shu are all collections,which form a system of existing editions based on the series from the Yuan and Ming Dynasties(AD 1279⁃1644).Exploring the relationship between the existing editions of Lu Shu and Kong Shu,and what additions and changes had been made and in what ways on the basis of Kong Shu is the basis for exploring the mother version of the existing editions of Lu Shu and the relationship among the existing editions of Lu Shu.The main body of the existing editions of Lu Shu is collected from Kong Shu.Their entry names are all taken from a certain verse in the Book of Songs,which roughly corresponds to the contents of the Book of Songs,so that the names,objects and quotations are in complete agreement,which should be done by the compilers.Some entries do not correspond because of the errors in the entitling in the compilation,or they are intentionally made for some compilation needs.The main compilation methods include adding names of objects at the beginning of sentences,synthesizing different paragraphs,adding after splitting a paragraph,synthesizing other documents cited in Kong Shu,incorporating the passages in Kong Shu,and even supposing and supplementing according to other documents,etc.All these compilations cause a lot of“expansion”in the existing editions of Lushu compared with the literature cited in the Tang and Song Dynasties(618⁃1279 AD).