思辨与人类经验--怀特海过程哲学的意识观

Speculation and Human Experience Whiteheadian Process Philosophy of Consc:iousness

英国过程哲学家怀特海的工作因其思辨哲学的方法论在今天值得被重新发掘和反思,也值得被重新引入意识研究话语体系中。怀特海哲学的意识观大致存在如下三方面理论架构:思辨经验主义(方法论)、思辨的冒险(价值导向)和两视一元论(结论)。其中,思辨经验主义和思辨的冒险更凸显了怀特海哲学的时代意义。在结论上,两视一元论脱胎于两面一元论,它认为每一存在事物皆存在两个相对应的视角---第一人称视角与第三人称视角;从历史上看,怀特海基于对柏格森的批判最终提出意识的发生学分析。

The work of Alfred North Whitehead,a British process philosopher,deserves to be rediscovered and reconsidered today because of his methodology of speculative philosophy.It thus deserves to be reintroduced into the discourse system of contemporary consciousness science.Whitehead’s philosophy of consciousness is composed of three theoretical parts:speculative empiricism(methodology),speculative adventure(axiology)and dual⁃perspectival monism(the conclusion).Speculative empiricism and speculative adventure highlight the contemporary significance of Whiteheadian philosophy.With regard to the conclusion,dual⁃perspectival monism originates from dual⁃aspect monism.It holds that each being of the cosmos has two corresponding perspectives:the first⁃person perspective and the third⁃person perspective.Historically,Whitehead finally put forward the genetic analysis of consciousness based on his critique of Bergson.